Autocuidado y calidad de vida en adultos mayores residentes en una zona desfavorecida de Comas, Lima 2026
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53684/csp.v6i1.184Keywords:
Self-care, Quality of life, Aged, Aging (Source: DeCS/MeSH).Abstract
Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre autocuidado y calidad de vida en adultos mayores residentes en una zona desfavorecida de Comas, Lima 2026
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, correlacional y transversal, donde participo una muestra de 76 adultos mayores. El autocuidado se evaluó con la Escala de Autocuidado del Adulto Mayor (EA-AM), integrada por 24 ítems, y la calidad de vida con la Escala de Calidad de Vida del Adulto Mayor (ECV-AM), conformada por 18 ítems. Resultados: La edad promedio de los informantes fue de 70,45 años. Predominaron los participantes de sexo masculino (63,2%), con educación secundaria (68,4 %) y convivencia familiar (93,4%). El autocuidado mostró principalmente un valor moderado (63,2%), al igual que la calidad de vida (59,2%). Se encontró una relación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre ambas variables (rho=0,616; p<0,001). Todas las dimensiones del autocuidado se asociaron con la calidad de vida; las relaciones de mayor magnitud correspondieron a eliminación (rho=0,605), descanso y sueño (rho=0,578) y alimentación e hidratación (rho=0,550). Conclusiones: En la población estudiada, una mayor presencia de conductas de autocuidado se relacionó con una mejor valoración de la calidad de vida. Los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de reforzar acciones comunitarias vinculadas con actividad física, seguimiento de la salud, descanso, manejo de medicamentos y participación social.
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